UPSC daily answer writing Practice modal answer 27th January 2022
UPSC daily answer writing Practice modal answer 27th January 2022
Topic: Indian Constitution:Significant Provisions
Question 1: Examine the provisions of the Indian constitution which are intended to ensure “distributive justice” for removal of inequalities and disabilities and to achieve a fair division of wealth amongst the members of the society. (Answer in 150 words)10
Introduction: The founding fathers were conscious of the fact that mere political democracy was meaningless unless it was accompanied by social and economic democracy. Political equality was not possible unless men were made equal on the social and economic plane as well. Hence inclusion of DPSPs in Indian constitution was a historical development.
Main points for Body part: (After Mentioning key DPSPs, also examine that, to what extent these are effective in achieving the desired objective < programmes initiated by the Government>)
Article 39 (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; (b) ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good; 39(c) the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment;
41. The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.
42. The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.( write these point in very concise manner)
Critique: Several programmes like MGNREGA, NHRM have resulted in social and economic inclusion of people. However there exists stark gap of inequalities which requires immediate attention.( mention some facts like OXFAM report).
Way forward: An appropriate mechanism must be devised to oblige the state to take action step by step and progressively for the realization of these rights to the maximum within the resources of the state.
Question 2: Exercise of fundamental rights entails duties to the community which ensures the free and full development of human personality. In light of the above statement critically analyse the inclusion of fundamental duties in the Indian constitution.(Answer in 250 words)15
Introduction: The Fundamental duties were inserted by the Constitution 42nd Amendment Act 1976. Even though article 51 A was introduced during emergency period, it was emerged unscathed because it was considered by all parties to be unexceptionable charter of principles which citizens could usefully absorb and practice.
After their inclusion, several judgments of High Courts and The apex court have quoted these FDs, where applicable, to lend further support to their decisions.
Key points for body part:
No democratic polity can ever succeed where the citizens are not willing to be active participants in the process of governance by assuming responsibilities and discharging citizenship duties and coming forward to give their best to the country.
The fundamental duties are the foundations of human dignity and national character. If every citizen performs his duties irrespective of considerations of caste, creed, colour and language, most of the malaise of the present day polity could be contained.
Way forward: Government should sensitize the people and create a general awareness of FDs. Consideration should be given to the ways and means by which FDs could be popularized and made effective.