Aristotle short notes psir
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Aristotle took “middle path – Golden Path” he considered idea and matter both as real.
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He’s also considered as a connecting link between Plato and Marx.
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Adopted, method of dialectics as well as method of observation.
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Aristotle is considered as scientist in comparison to Plato, not in strict sense.
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State is a family of families.
Theories –
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Theory of State – Hierarchy of needs is the proof that Aristotle gives for state to being natural, five statements of Aristotle.
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Theory of Citizenship – Citizenship is duty towards state. Children, Old citizen, women, slaves are not covered under theory.
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Theory of Slavery – Slavery is of two types – 1. Natural, 2. Desirable. Nature has created two types of persons – 1. Mentally strong, 2. Physically strong.
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Theory of Property – 1. Common ownership and common use, 2. Common ownership but individual use, 3. Private ownership and common use.
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Theory of Justice – Two aspects of justice – 1. Rectificatory, 2. Distributive. Applications of principles of justice. Absolute equality, Proportionate Equality.
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Theory of Constitution – Sequence of types of govt and constitutions – 1. Monarchy/PK, 2. Tyranny, 3. Aristocracy, 4. Oligarchy, 5. Polity, 6. Democracy.
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Theory of Revolution – Hence Aristotle is conservative, he explains reasons behind revolution.
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Theory of Law – “Law is reason without passion”.
Aristotle’s Polity –
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Where ruling class rules in interest of people.
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Citizens participate in law making.
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Polity is rule of law, where executive is under rule of law made by adult citizens in direct democracies.
Criticism –
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Immanuel Kant criticised treating any person as an object of utility
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Theories by Aristotle becomes basis to justify the myths like “civilising mission” or “Whitman’s burden”.