Machiavelli
Machiavelli’s Advices –
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Prince needs to learn, not how to be good, rather how to be bad.
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Prince needs to understand nature of profession as it is, not a profession of goodness.
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Prince should know human nature as he has to deal with humans.
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Prince should understand statecraft.
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It is better for Prince to be feared than to be loved.
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Prince has to take “Politically correct decisions” that too timely.
Dual Morality – Morality of common man differs from that of Prince.
Morality Of Politics – Machiavellianism
Machia established the autonomy of politics from ethics and religion.
Machiavelli’s Advice on qualities of Prince –
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Should be clever like fox to understand to trap.
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Should be brave like lion to defend himself from wolves.
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Reason.
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Courage.
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Cold blooded man – to control emotions.
Utilitarian Approach and Advices –
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Religion is useful institution for Prince. People don’t commit crime due to fear of god.
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Prince not to appear anti-religious in public.
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Machiavelli supported expansionist foreign policy.
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Machiavelli suggested that army should consist of nationals only.
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He advised prince to favour common man over lords.
Criticism and compare –
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He was narrowly located and dated (Sabine).
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It is paradox that – Everyone in politics is Machiavellian but no one accepts it (Dunning).
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Kautilya was dated and located in different age and geography but still his theory was very coinciding with Machiavelli.
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Nehru – Indian Machiavelli to Kautilya in Discovery of India.